{"id":1245,"date":"2026-08-11T12:03:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T03:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/?p=1245"},"modified":"2026-08-07T12:15:11","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T03:15:11","slug":"%e7%ac%ac54%e5%9b%9e%e3%80%80%e3%82%a8%e3%83%ab%e3%82%b5%e3%83%ac%e3%83%a0%e3%81%a0%e3%81%91%e3%81%ab%e6%b3%a8%e7%9b%ae%e3%81%9b%e3%81%9a%e3%81%ab%e8%81%96%e6%9b%b8%e3%82%92%e8%aa%ad%e3%82%80%e3%81%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/?p=1245","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c67\u56de\u3000\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u3060\u3051\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u305b\u305a\u306b\u8056\u66f8\u3092\u8aad\u3080\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u00a0\u3000\u30a6\u30b7\u30b7\u30ad\u30f3\u300cGath,\u00a0Lachish\u00a0and\u00a0Jerusalem\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a09th\u00a0Cent.\u00a0B.C.E.\u00a0\u2013\u00a0an\u00a0Archaeological\u00a0Reassessment\u300d\u3092\u624b\u304c\u304b\u308a\u306b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u795e\u306f\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u3001\u529b\u5f37\u304f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u5f31\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9078\u3070\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u521d\u671f\u306e\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u304c\u3001\u5f53\u6642\u306e\u30ac\u30c6\u3084\u30e9\u30ad\u30b7\u30e5\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u5c0f\u3055\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3001\u795e\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306b\u3054\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u540d\u3092\u7f6e\u304b\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306f\u3001\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3053\u306e\u8056\u66f8\u7684\u306a\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3092\u3088\u308a\u9bae\u3084\u304b\u306b\u6d6e\u304b\u3073\u4e0a\u304c\u3089\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5\uff0e\u30a6\u30b7\u30b7\u30ad\u30f3\u8ad6\u6587\u304c\u6295\u3052\u304b\u3051\u308b\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u8d77<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u79c1\u306f\u300c\u30de\u30ad\u30b7\u30de\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7acb\u5834\u306b\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u5171\u611f\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u3067\u672a\u767a\u898b\u3060\u304b\u3089\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3001\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u8056\u66f8\u306e\u8a18\u4e8b\u306e\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3092\u4f4e\u304f\u898b\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3001\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u30a6\u30b7\u30b7\u30ad\u30f3\u306e\u8ad6\u6587\u304c\u6295\u3052\u304b\u3051\u308b\u554f\u984c\u63d0\u8d77\u306b\u3082\u8033\u3092\u50be\u3051\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3060\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u5f7c\u306e\u8aac\u306b\u5168\u9762\u7684\u306b\u8cdb\u6210\u3057\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u300c\u30ac\u30c6\u3068\u3044\u3046\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u898b\u305f\u30e6\u30c0\u738b\u56fd\u300d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u30e9\u30ad\u30b7\u30e5\u304b\u3089\u898b\u305f\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u767a\u60f3\u306f\u3001\u8056\u66f8\u3092\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u8aad\u3080\u304d\u3063\u304b\u3051\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306e\u795e\u5b66\u3092\u4fdd\u3061\u3064\u3064\u3001\u5468\u8fba\u90fd\u5e02\u306b\u3082\u76ee\u3092\u5411\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u5217\u738b\u8a18\u3084\u9810\u8a00\u66f8\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u304c\u3088\u308a\u5e83\u304f\u611f\u3058\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8056\u66f8\u306f\u30a8\u30eb\u30b5\u30ec\u30e0\u3060\u3051\u306e\u7269\u8a9e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u795e\u304c\u6b74\u53f2\u5168\u4f53\u3092\u652f\u914d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a3c\u3057\u3059\u308b\u66f8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6539\u3081\u3066\u3088\u304f\u308f\u304b\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u00a9Dr.&nbsp;Makoto<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Episode 54: Reading the Bible Without Focusing Solely on Jerusalem \u2014 With Reference to Ussishkin\u2019s \u201cGath, Lachish and Jerusalem in the 9th Cent. B.C.E. \u2014 An Archaeological Reassessment\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I once participated in the seventh excavation season at Lachish under Professor Yosef Garfinkel of the Hebrew University\u2019s Institute of Archaeology. That experience made me increasingly aware that, when reading the Bible, it is important to look not only at Jerusalem but also at the wider region, including Lachish and the Shephelah, the lowlands of Judah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Of course, it is clear that Jerusalem occupies the theological center of the Bible. It is the City of David, the city of the temple, and the place where God chose to put his name. Reading the Old Testament with Jerusalem at the center is therefore both natural and appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recent archaeological research, however, has given us opportunities to view the biblical world from another angle. A noteworthy example is David Ussishkin\u2019s \u201cGath, Lachish and Jerusalem in the 9th Cent. B.C.E. \u2014 an Archaeological Reassessment.\u201d Comparing Gath, Lachish, and Jerusalem in the ninth century BCE, Ussishkin asks whether the southern Levant of that time may have been far less concentrated on Jerusalem than we tend to imagine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I should state at the outset that I do not agree with all of Ussishkin\u2019s conclusions. In particular, his view of ninth-century Jerusalem as a fairly small, unwalled settlement remains open to debate. Archaeologists themselves are divided on this point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even so, the perspective offered by this article is highly valuable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. The Biblical World Was More \u201cPolycentric\u201d Than We Often Assume<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When we read Kings and Chronicles, we naturally tend to focus on David\u2019s palace and Solomon\u2019s temple. Yet the biblical text repeatedly mentions cities such as Gath, Lachish, Samaria, Damascus, and Bethel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among these, Ussishkin particularly emphasizes the importance of Gath and Lachish. In his view, Gath may have been the largest Philistine city in the ninth century, while Lachish may have been the kingdom of Judah\u2019s foremost military stronghold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From this perspective, biblical history is no longer merely \u201cthe story of Jerusalem.\u201d It becomes a dynamic history in which multiple cities and powers competed and interacted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. The Significance of Gath in Amos Becomes Clearer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amos 6:2 says, \u201cGo over to Calneh and see; from there go to great Hamath, and then go down to Gath of the Philistines.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At first glance, this may seem like little more than a list of place names. But if Gath was, as Ussishkin argues, one of the greatest cities in the southern Levant, the force of the verse changes considerably.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amos is not merely giving a geography lesson. He is forcefully declaring, \u201cEven cities as prosperous as these have fallen.\u201d Once we understand how important Gath was, the prophet\u2019s warning strikes us with even greater force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Understanding Lachish Illuminates 2 Kings 18<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lachish is an exceptional city from an archaeological perspective. Ussishkin describes Level IV at Lachish as Judah\u2019s \u201cmain fortress city.\u201d It had massive walls, a gate complex, and a palace-fortress, and appears to have been carefully planned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seen in this light, it becomes easier to understand why Sennacherib, king of Assyria, first set out to capture Lachish in 2 Kings 18. This was not merely the fall of a provincial town; it meant the loss of Judah\u2019s greatest military stronghold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The tension surrounding the siege of Jerusalem also becomes more vivid when we appreciate the importance of Lachish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Even If Jerusalem Was Small<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I intend to remain cautious in assessing ninth-century Jerusalem. Yet even if Ussishkin\u2019s estimate is correct to some degree, it points to an intriguing insight for faith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">God\u2019s choice does not depend on the size of a city. This theme appears repeatedly in the Bible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Abraham was not a mighty emperor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moses was a man who had taken refuge in the wilderness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>David began as an ordinary shepherd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">God often chooses what is small and weak rather than what is powerful and great. Even if early Jerusalem was smaller than Gath or Lachish, the fact that God chose to place his name there makes this biblical theme stand out all the more vividly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. The Question Raised by Ussishkin\u2019s Article<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I have a measure of sympathy with the \u201cmaximalist\u201d position. The fact that archaeology has not yet uncovered something does not, in my view, justify immediately treating the biblical account as less reliable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, we should listen to the question raised by Ussishkin\u2019s article. Even without fully accepting his thesis, approaching \u201cthe kingdom of Judah from the perspective of Gath\u201d or \u201cJerusalem as seen from Lachish\u201d can help us read the Bible in three dimensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We can preserve a Jerusalem-centered theology while also paying attention to the surrounding cities. Doing so broadens the world of Kings and the Prophets. It reminds us that the Bible is not merely the story of Jerusalem, but a book that bears witness to God\u2019s sovereignty over the whole of history. \u00a9Dr. Makoto<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u79c1\u306f\u4ee5\u524d\u3001\u30d8\u30d6\u30e9\u30a4\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u3067Yosef&nbsp;Garfinkel\u6559\u6388\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3001\u7b2c7\u6b21\u30e9\u30ad [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-8","category-12"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1245","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1245"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1245\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1247,"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1245\/revisions\/1247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1245"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1245"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fbi.futakotamagawa.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1245"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}